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In order to explore the mechanisms underlying the calcium alleviating fluorosis at protein level, we made an attempt to establish fluorosis and calcium supplementation rat models to isolate and identify bone differential proteins. The bone proteins of different groups were compared by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and analyzed by gene ontology annotation, pathway enrichment and interaction networks. The 17 proteins were identified in the fluorosis group (F) and the fluorosis calcium supplement group (F+Ca), including type I collagen (Col1a1), actin (Actb), protein glutamine transferase 2 (Tgm2), compared with the control group (C). These differential proteins are enriched in 38 bone metabolic pathways such as focal adhesion, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and AMPK signaling pathway. And the functions of these proteins are mainly related to cytoskeleton, energy metabolism, substance transport, ion channel, and apoptosis. Therefore, it is speculated that calcium may alleviate the fluoride-induced bone damage by regulating the focal adhesion, PI3K-Akt, AMPK and other signaling pathway, but the specific mechanism needs further research.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Calcium , Dietary Supplements , Fluoride Poisoning , Fluorosis, Dental , Phosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment of primary and secondary bladder mucosa lymphoma. Methods From June 1996 to September 2011,8 cases of bladder mucosa lymphoma patients including primary bladder mucosa lymphoma patients (2 males and 3 females)and secondary bladder mucosa lymphoma patients ( 1 male and 2 females) were treated in our institute.The patient's mean age was 68 years (ranged from 57 to 78 years),and the other 3 secondary bladder mucosa lymphoma patient's mean age was 61 years (ranged from 41 to 81 years).7 of 8 patients accepted transurethral resection of bladder tumor combined with CHOP chemotherapy and radiotherapy,and 1 patient abandoned treatment.CHOP chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed at 2 weeks post-operatively.Secondary bladder mucosa lymphoma patients accepted 3-dimensional conformal 6000 cGy radiotherapy.Urinary CT examination showed that there were round or oval irregular tumors in the wall of urinary bladder,whose diameters were 1 to 4 cm.Tumor edges were glossy and tumor density were uniform.In addition,the bladder wall with tumor was uneven.In contrasted CT,the tumors appeared obviously enhanced.7 cases had cauliflower-like tumors found by cystoscope,and there were necrosis-calcification area in the center of tumors.1case appeared multiple tumors,which consisted of one big tumor and three smaller ones. Results There were 5 cases of primary bladder mucosa lymphoma, including 3 bladder mucosa associated lymphoma (MAL) cases and 2 diffuse large B cell lymphoma cases.There were 3 secondary bladder mucosa lymphoma cases including 2 diffuse large B cell lymphoma cases and 1 generalized follicular cystic central lymphoma case,which belongs to the tuberous sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma.Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CD20,CD21,CD43 staining were positive in low grade MAL (3 cases).However,CD3,CD20,CD31 staining were positivein high grade MAL (5 cases). All patients were followed up 3 to 44 months.3 cases of secondary malignant lymphoma patients died after diagnosed after 3 to 13 months.5 cases of primary malignant lymphoma patients were all survived. 1 case recurred 14 months after surgery and accepted TURBT and CHOP chemotherapy again.Pathologic diagnosis showed the transformation from peripheral zone of bladder mucosa associated lymphoma to diffuse large B cell lymphoma.The patient was free of recurrence. Conclusions MAL and diffuse large B cell lymphoma are the most common type of bladder mucosa lymphoma.Primary and secondary diffuse large B cell lymphoma have similarities in histological analysis,but the former prognosis is better than the latter's. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy can prevent the relapse of MAL in short term and long term with good tolerance,and can be used as ideal treatment of MALT.
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Objective To compare the clinical characters and hemodynamic data of the prone position and supine position percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods Patients with kidney stones in 100 cases were randomly assigned into the supine position group and prone position group.There were 50 cases in each group.The following data were recorded at preoperative,intraoperative,change position:the blood pressure,heart rate,respiration,saturation of blood oxygen and blood gas analysis results.The VAS score was recorded in patients for postural comfort,dyspnea and pain score. Results The systolic blood pressure in the preoperative,intraoperative,postoperative on supine position and prone position were as follows:(137±12),(119±15),(115±17) mm Hg and (137±10),(110±18),(104±16) mmHg.The diastalic blood pressure was as follows:( 81 ± 9 ),(74 ± 8 ),(63 ± 14 ) mm Hg and ( 84 ± 8 ),(63 ± 9 ),(60 ± 15) mm Hg.Compared with preoperative,there was a blood pressure decreased in both groups.The blood pH at preoperative,intraoperative,postoperative in supine position and prone position:7.4 ± 0,7.3 ± 0,7.3 ± 0 and 7.4 ± 0,7.3 ± 0,7.3 ± 0.The bass excess (BE) of two groups were:(2.1 ± 0.5),(-2.7 ±0.5),( -1.5 ±0.5) mmol/L and (3.2 ±0.5),(-3.8 ±0.5),(-2.5 ±0.5) mmol/L.Compared with preoperative data,the pH and BE declined in both groups.The prone position had more pronounced decrease in serum sodium,serum potassium; but with no significant difference.Supine group in postural comfort and breathing difficulties were 1.6 ± 0.4 and 7.1 4± 05,while prone group were 7.5 ± 0.2 and 1.4 ± 0.3.The supine position showed better in postural comfort and breathing difficulties with statistical significance. Conclusions Compared with the prone position,the supine positioned percutaneous nephrolithotomy could have less influence on hemodynamics,blood gas analysis.It could have better postural comfort.
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Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in a new operative position, flank suspended supine position. Methods The new position hold affected flank suspended by raising the ipsilateral shoulder and haunch with two 3-liter saline bags, and set up waist bridge simultaneously. From March 2010 to October 2010, a series of 173 patients underwent PCNL with the new supine position under epidural anesthesia. The average age was (50± 11) years, and the average bulk of the stone was (2. 9±1.0) cm. All patients were placed in the new supine position. Under ultrasound guidance, the desired calix or pelvis was punctured near the posterior axillary line, then dilating the tract and establishing the 16 F or 20 F tract for PCNL. Results The pelvicaliceal system could be successfully approached in all patients. The procedure was well tolerated in all patients. Mean operation time was (86 ± 34) min. 80. 3% of the patients were rendered free of stones by the initial PCNL. Thirty-four cases had residual stones, and a second PCNL was performed in 16 cases to clear the residual stones. Only 1 patient required blood transfusion.None of the patients suffered visceral injury. Conclusion The new supine position is safe and effective for PCNL.
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Objective To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of curcumin on the proliferation and apoptosis of cell strain of bladder carcinoma.Methods In curcumin group,T24 cells were treated with curcumin of 1,10,100 ?mol/L respectively,while no curcumin treatment in control group.The growth,apoptosis,AKT1 protein activity and mRNA level,caspase 3 content of T24 cells were observed by MTT,TUNEL,RT-PCR,immunoblot and image analysis technology 12,24 and 48 h after the commencement of curcumin treatment.Results In the curcumin group,the inhibition rate,apoptosis and the content of caspase 3 of T24 cells increased significantly.The activity of AKT1 protein decreased,but the mRNA level of AKT1 showed no changes.Conclusion Curcumin can inhibit the growth of T24 cells and induce the cell apoptosis,which mechanism is related to the inhibition of AKT1 signal pathway of T24 cells.